GELOLODY
1 Geology & Litho logy

Tectonic movement along the Main Boundary Thrust with repaid incision of drainage system uplifted the underlying rock formation to the surface in a continuous process. Rugged and steeper topography has been a result of a process of continuous up lift and renewed uplift of rock mass.
The following geo morphological features have been a observed in the project area on the basis of field visitation and map study.

a) Terrace      b) Moderately to steep sloping hills     c) Barren land    e) Steep hard rocky sloping hill

The entire project area in mountainous and hill with terrace.  These terraces compressed a heterogeneous mixture of pebbles cobbles and boulders of various descriptions. These have been conglomerated by compacted somewhere loosely compacted. There are some rocky area these rocks dip gently due north and strike east west to north – south showing broad and open synclinal structure. A short description of major rock and soil is given below.

2 Geomorphology.

This Sector Jantardhap to Solnasa follows the geomorphic from of Higher Himalaya of Eastern Nepal of solukhumbu district. The altitude of the varies from3000 to 2400 m. from the mean sea level. These are high level terraces Phokte Katike danda , Singane simgaira. The road stretch from Photke danda sigane,simgaira  more or less run through rocky terrain and stretch Sigane danda to simgaira it run through the barren land but from simdaura to,Chyamba pattange taping chailung road stretch through cultivated terraces. the    part of Higher Himalaya consists of medium grade metamorphic rocks. In this section. The exposed rocks are phyllite quartizite, sculuist and gneiss. The rocks are feesh (sound) to moderately weathered. Quartizite  is persent only in sigane danda for 150 m.

3 Climate

Temperature is mainly governed by season location. And elevation of the area. Higher temperature generally occurs during summer and lowest is during winter.The project area falls under sub- Tropical,temperate,cool temperate and a alpine type of climate are fond . The annual average maximum and minimum temperature range between 11.to 2 degree c.

4 Forest and Land Use

The road passes through three stretches of forest viz. jantardhap,katike danda, sigane danda are main forest area. Forest land compared to agricultural land is substantially low in the influence area. The firewood is the only source of fuel in the project area, so it is obvious that more and forest area will be cleared  every year. According to local information each family burns an average of 7.5 bundles of wood in a week. Since there is no other source from this essential fuel, the forest is the ultimate victim. Since no Hydro power is going to be constructed, solar power will be the best fuel consumption for the area

5 Geological profile

Jantardhap to Chhewar road corridor runs through the collegial and residual soil horizons. The road sector from  simgaira to Chyamba  area runs though the residual soil, Which is extensively used for cultivation and residence.

6 Hydrology and Meteorology,

Under sub Tropical, Temperate, cool temperate and alpine type of climate are found in the project area. The annual average maximum and minimum temperature range between 11 to 2 degree c.

SLOP STABILIZATION & PROJECTION MEASURES

Projection and stabilization measures have to be designed as oer topographical,geological and hydrological situation. Projection works are applied for landslide with shallow depth about,0.50 m, where as stabilization method will have to be applied for deeper slide.since bioengineering approach fond to be successful in the same of the road project in Nepal, bioengineering and bio-technical engineering methodology will have to be planned in preliminary design stage.
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Projection Methods

  Cut slope and fill slop should be identified before design of measures. Identification of Project system largely depends projection upon earth work in excavation in different soil and rock types. Stone pitching ,bioengineering methods jute matting   on the cut slope,grass seeding over the fill slop can applied to stop soil erosion for shallow slip.

Stabilization Method

     Retaining wall with gabion structure (fixable) and masonry, concrete wall(rigid) would be appropriate for slide and scar. check dam and cascade protection work will have to be designed for gully erosion. Sub- soil drain might be proposed if ground water problem exist. Bio-technical engineering  would be better solution if the slide area covers wider area. Bio technical engineering method combines both bioengineering tools plus inert engineering with mixed pattern of designing.

TRAFFIC DATA

   Information on traffic volume was gathered from the different  road network centers and slop centers  like jantardhap, sigane danda, chyamba khamding,tapting, and solnasa where different foot trails links to each other coming from different direction But at this moment the roads were not so busy because of the rainy season.

MARERIALS AVAILABILY DATA

          General Before starting any construction work proper study regarding the availability of construction materials is essential. Feasibility study of road should therefore include information pertaining the availability of indigenous construction materials. The same study should also from   include information regarding the supply of manufacture construction materials.

Naturally Available Materials

Materials like block stone boulders, and soil are locally available in the region where the proposed alignment passes. However water and sand are rater scarce. Sand can be obtained from big streams and river near the project area.

Factory produced  Materials

Materials like cement steel, nails explosives (gelain) have to be catered form district head -quarter,Okhaldhunga, near local bazzar